liotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the main cause of lateral knee pain in runners and cyclists, accounting for 15% of overuse injuries. The diagnosis of ITBS is based on clinical examination: patients typically present with pain over the lateral femoral epicondyle and report sharp, burning pain when the physician presses on the lateral epicondyle during knee flexion and extension

The normal flexion of the fingers is a complex fine motor action that requires the integrity and organization of a series of delicate structures centered around the flexor tendon. One of the most important structures is the pulley system

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has become a real puzzle for physiotherapists and physical trainers in high performance, but also in amateur sports. The incidence of injuries, that is, the number of ACL tears by practitioners, in pivotal sports such as soccer, handball, volleyball, etc. It is at 3% annually in amateur sports, which could…

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV) is a well-established marker of autonomic nervous system function, both sympathetic and parasympathetic. The SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations, that is, for fight or flight. Therefore, the sympathetic system increases the heart rate and the force of heart muscle contractions and widens…

Lumbar hernias have increased their incidence significantly in recent years, with low back pain being one of the largest cases of work absenteeism in the world. A lumbar hernia occurs when a part of the intervertebral disc moves into the spinal canal, compromising the thecal sac and/or nerve roots. 66% of lumbar hernias end up…